Effective Care includes health care services that are of proven value and have no significant tradeoffs. The benefits of the services so far outweigh the risks that all patients with specific medical needs should receive them. These services, such as beta-blockers for heart attack patients, are backed by well-articulated medical theory and strong evidence of efficacy, determined by clinical trials or valid cohort studies.

The Electronic Health (Medical) Record (EHR or EMR) is a computerized medical file that contains the history of a patient's medical care, commonly abbreviated as "EHR," in contrast to "PHR," which stands for personal health record., An EHR or EMR enables patients to transport their health care information with them at all times.

The Emergency Department is the department within a health care facility that is intended to provide rapid treatment to victims of sudden injury or illness. Emergency Departments across the nation struggle with overcrowding, long patient wait periods and shortages of health care professionals.

A requirement that employers provide health insurance to workers  or pay a financial penalty.

Medical services for people who are in the last stages of life.

Evidence is information that is used to determine or demonstrate the truth of an assertion.  In the field of health, evidence is collected in an orderly way to help us understand what to do.  This information can come from medical research.

Evidence-based medicine is advice and treatment based on the best available medical research.  Doctors who practice evidence-based medicine have a system for reviewing medical research and judging the evidence.  There are different levels and types of evidence, some of which is stronger than others.  There rarely is enough evidence to know what to do for sure.  Knowing how doctors judge evidence and come to conclusions can help patients understand the quality of a doctor's advice.